G. Angelova, A. Nenkova, . Boytcheva, . Sv, and T. Nikolov, CGs as a knowledge representation core in a complex language learning environment, Proceedings of international conference on conceptual structures, pp.45-58, 2000.

M. Baker and K. Lund, Promoting reflective interactions in a CSCL environment, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol.13, issue.3, pp.175-193, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2729.1997.00019.x

Y. Barnard and J. Sandberg, Self-explanations, do we get them from our students?, European conference on Artificial Intelligence in education, pp.115-121, 1996.

D. Berleant, L. Shi, X. Wei, K. Viswanathan, C. Chai et al., LEARN: SOFTWARE FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION FROM ENGLISH UNRESTRICTED TEXT, Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol.10, issue.2, 1997.
DOI : 10.1080/0958822970100202

K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks, Generation of adaptive (hyper)text explanations with an agent model, Proceedings of the European Workshop on Language Generation (EWNLG'99), 1999.

D. Boud, R. Keogh, and D. Walker, What is reflection in learning, Reflection: turning experience into learning, pp.7-17, 1996.

S. Boytcheva, O. Kalaydgjiev, A. Nenkova, and G. Angelova, Integration of Resources and Components in a Knowledge-Based Web-Environment for Terminology Learning, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45331-8_20

. Dochev, Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, systems and applications, 9 th International AIMSA Conference, pp.210-220, 1904.

P. Brusilovsky, Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, vol.3, issue.2, pp.87-129, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00143964

S. Bull, Collaborative student modelling in foreign language learning, 1997.

S. Bull and P. Brna, What does Susan know that Paul doesn't? (and vice versa): Contributing to each other's student model, Artificial Intelligence in Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems, pp.568-570, 1997.

S. Bull and P. Brna, Enhancing peer interaction in the Solar system Roles of communicative interaction in learning, Mathematics and Science: Proceedings of the C-LEMMAS conference, 1999.

S. Bull and M. Smith, A Pair of Student Models to Encourage Collaboration, Proceedings of the sixth international conference on User Modelling, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-2670-7_34

S. Bull, P. Brna, and H. Pain, Extending the scope of the student model, User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction, vol.7, issue.1, pp.45-65, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01101801

S. Bull, P. Brna, S. Critchley, K. Davie, and C. Holzherr, The missing peer, artificial peers and the enhancement of human-human collaborative student modelling Artificial Intelligence in Education -Open learning environments: new computational technologies to support learning, exploration and collaboration, Frontiers in AI and Applications, pp.269-276, 1999.

M. Burton, P. Brna, and R. Pilkington, Clarissa: a laboratory for the modelling of collaboration, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.11, pp.79-105, 2000.

T. Chanier, Learning a second language for specific purposes within a hypermedia framework, Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol.9, issue.1, pp.3-43, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000123

M. T. Chi, M. Bassok, M. W. Lewis, P. Reimann, and R. Glaser, Self-Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems, Cognitive Science, vol.2, issue.2, pp.145-182, 1989.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog1302_1

A. Collins, Design issues for learning environments, International perspectives on the design of technology-supported learning environments, pp.347-361, 1996.

M. G. Core, J. D. Moore, and C. Zinn, Supporting constructive learning with a feedback planner, AAAI fall symposium on building dialogue systems for tutorial applications, 2000.

R. Cox, Representation construction, externalised cognition and individual differences, Learning and Instruction, vol.9, issue.4, pp.343-363, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-4752(98)00051-6

G. Cumming and J. A. Self, Learner modelling in collaborative intelligent educational systems Teaching knowledge and intelligent tutoring, 1991.

E. Davis, Representations of commonsense knowledge, 1990.

J. Dewey, How we think -a restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educational process, 1960.

D. Dicheva and V. Dimitrova, An approach to representation and extraction of terminological knowledge in ICALL, Journal of Computing and Information Technologies, vol.6, issue.1, pp.39-52, 1998.

P. Dillenbourg, Some technical implications of distributed cognition on the design on interactive learning environments, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.7, issue.2, pp.161-180, 1996.

V. Dimitrova, Interactive open learner modelling, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197312

V. Dimitrova, P. Brna, and J. Self, The Design and Implementation of a Graphical Communication Medium for Interactive Open Learner Modelling, Intellignet Tutoring Systems, pp.432-441, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-47987-2_46

V. Dimitrova, J. A. Self, and P. Brna, The interactive maintenance of open learner models, Artificial intelligence in education, pp.405-412, 1999.

V. Dimitrova, J. A. Self, and P. Brna, Maintaining a Jointly Constructed Student Model, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45331-8_21

S. Draper, Notes on the concept of reflection, 1997.

D. Boulay and B. , Modelling human teaching tactics and strategies. Modelling human teaching tactics and strategies (Proceedings of the workshop at ITS2000.), International Journal of Arttificial Intelligence in Education, vol.11, pp.1020-1029, 2000.

A. C. Graesser, M. C. Langston, and W. B. Baggett, Exploring Information about Concepts by asking Questions, Categorization by humans and machines, pp.411-436, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60147-4

A. C. Graesser, N. Person, D. Harter, . The-tutoring-research, and . Group, Teaching tactics in AutoTutor, Modelling human teaching tactics and strategies, pp.1020-1029, 2000.

F. Grasso, A. Cawsey, and R. Jones, Dialectical argumentation to solve conflicts in advice giving: a case study in the promotion of healthy nutrition, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.53, issue.6, pp.1077-1115, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0429

J. Greer, G. Mccalla, J. Collins, V. Kumar, P. Meagher et al., Supporting peer help and collaboration in distributed workplace environments, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.159-177, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00588744

H. P. Grice, Logic of conversation The logic of grammar, 1975.

S. Grundy, Three modes of action research, Curriculum Perspectives, pp.2-3, 1982.

P. Holt, S. Dubs, M. Jones, and J. Greer, The state of student modelling Student Modelling: The Key to Individualized Knowledge-Based Instruction, pp.3-38, 1993.

P. N. Johnson-laird, Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness, 1983.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00702919

S. Katz, G. O-'donnell, and H. Kay, An approach to analyzing the role and structure of reflective dialogue, Int. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.11, pp.320-343, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197333

J. Kay, The um toolkit for cooperative user modelling, User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction, vol.14, issue.4, pp.149-196, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01100243

J. Kay, A scrutable user modelling shell for user-adapted interaction, 1999.

M. S. Knowles, Designs for adult learning, 1995.

A. Kobsa, User modelling in dialogue systems: potentials and hazards, pp.214-240, 1990.

D. A. Kolb, Experiential learning, 1984.

A. L. Kor, A computer-based learning environment for the exploration of buoyancy, 2001.

J. Levin and J. Moore, Dialogue-Games: Metacommunication Structures for Natural Language Interaction*, Cognitive Science, vol.9, issue.4, pp.395-420, 1977.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog0104_2

K. Lund and M. Baker, Teachers' collaborative interpretations of students' computer-mediated collaborative problem-solving interactions Artificial Intelligence in Education -Open learning environments: New computational technologies to support learning, exploration and collaboration, Frontiers in AI and Applications, pp.147-154, 1999.

J. D. Mackenzie, Question-begging in non-cumulative systems, Journal of Philosophical Logic, vol.8, issue.1, pp.117-133, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00258422

G. Mccalla, J. Vassileva, J. Greer, and S. Bull, Active Learner Modelling, Intelligent tutoring systems, pp.53-62, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45108-0_9

K. Mccoy, Highlighting a User Model to Respond to Misconceptions, User models in dialogue systems, pp.233-253, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-83230-7_9

M. Milosavljevic, Augmenting the User???s Knowledge via Comparison, Proceedings of the 6th International conference on User Modeling. Available online from http, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-2670-7_15

R. Morales, Exploring participative learner modelling and its effects on learner behaviour, 2000.

R. Morales, H. Pain, and T. Conlon, Understandable Learner Models for a Sensorimotor Control Task, Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp.222-231, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45108-0_26

R. Morales, H. Pain, S. Bull, and J. Kay, Open, interactive, and other overt approaches to learner modelling (Proceedings of the workshop at AIED 99), International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.10, pp.1070-1079, 1999.

A. Paiva and J. A. Self, TAGUS ? A user and learner modeling workbench, User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction, vol.5, issue.3, pp.197-226, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01100244

R. Pilkington, Analysing educational discourse: the DISCOUNT scheme, 1999.

R. Pilkington, R. Hartley, and D. Hintze, Learning to argue and arguing to learn: An interface for computer-based dialogue games, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.3, issue.3, pp.275-295, 1992.

A. Ravenscroft and R. M. Pilkington, Investigation by design: developing dialogue models to support reasoning and conceptual change, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.11, pp.273-298, 2000.

J. Robertson, J. Good, and H. Pain, BetterBlether: The design and evaluation of a discussion tool for education, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.219-236, 1998.

J. Sager, A practical course in terminology processing, 1990.
DOI : 10.1075/z.44

J. A. Self, Bypassing the intractable problem of student modelling Intelligent tutoring systems: At the crossroad of artificial intelligence and education, 1990.

J. A. Self, Computational mathetics, 1995.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190503

J. A. Self, The defining characteristics of intelligent tutoring systems research: ITSs care, precisely, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.10, pp.350-364, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197346

J. A. Self, Open Sesame?: fifteen variations on the theme of openness in learning environments, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.10, pp.1020-1029, 1999.

S. Siegel, Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences, 1956.

M. Singer, Psychology of language: An introduction of sentence and discourse processes, 1990.

R. Sison and M. Shimura, Student modeling and machine learning, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.128-158, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00257111

J. Smith, Welcome to everyone's ABC of accounting language http, 1998.

A. L. Soller, Supporting social interaction in an intelligent collaborative learning system, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.12, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197321

J. Sowa, On conceptual structures, Artificial Intelligence, vol.34, issue.3, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(88)90069-0

J. Sowa, TOWARD THE EXPRESSIVE POWER OF NATURAL LANGUAGE, Principles of semantic networks explorations in the representation of knowledge, pp.157-190, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-1-4832-0771-1.50011-4

. Stanford, Stanford KSL Network Services Webster Gateway, 1999.

R. Stevenson, Language, thought, and representation, 1993.

P. Thagard, Conceptual revolutions, 1992.

K. Vanlehn, S. Siler, C. Murray, and W. Bagget, What makes a tutorial event effective?, Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp.1084-1089, 1998.

I. Vitanova, English for Finance Understanding money and markets http, 1999.

D. Walton, Logical dialogue games and fallacies, 1984.

P. Whitney, The psychology of language, 1998.

L. H. Wong, C. Quek, and C. K. Looi, TAP-2: a framework for an inquiry dialogue based tutoring system, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.88-110, 1998.

J. Zapata-rivera and J. Greer, Inspecting and Visualizing Distributed Bayesian Student Models, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Proceedings of ITS2001, pp.544-553, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45108-0_58