C. B. Bruce and K. M. Leander, Searching for digital libraries in education: Why computers cannot tell the story, Library Trends, vol.45, issue.4, pp.746-770, 1997.

H. Chen, A. L. Houston, R. R. Sewell, and B. R. Schatz, Internet browsing and searching (poster), Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries , DL '97, pp.582-603, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/263690.264335

M. T. Chi, P. J. Feltovich, and R. Glaser, Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices*, Cognitive Science, vol.5, issue.2, pp.121-152, 1981.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog0502_2

K. A. Erickson and J. Smith, Towards a general theory of expertise, 1991.

R. Fidel, R. K. Davies, M. H. Douglass, J. K. Holder, C. J. Hopkins et al., A visit to the information mall: Web searching behavior of high school students, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.44, issue.1, pp.24-37, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:1<24::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-W

J. T. Guthrie, Locating Information in Documents: Examination of a Cognitive Model, Reading Research Quarterly, vol.23, issue.2, pp.178-199, 1988.
DOI : 10.2307/747801

R. Harris, Evaluating Internet resources, 1997.

R. H. Kluwe, C. Misiak, and H. Haider, Learning by doing in the control of a complex system, Learning and Instruction, pp.197-218, 1990.

A. W. Lazonder, H. J. Biemans, and I. G. Wopereis, (in press) Differences between novice and experienced users in searching information on the World Wide Web, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.51, p.7

G. Marchionini, Information-seeking strategies of novices using a full-text electronic encyclopedia, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.40, issue.1, pp.165-176, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198901)40:1<54::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-R

G. Marchionini, Information seeking in electronic environments, 1995.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511626388

G. Marchionini and B. Shneiderman, Finding facts vs. browsing knowledge in hypertext systems, Computer, vol.21, issue.1, pp.70-80, 1988.
DOI : 10.1109/2.222119

P. B. Mosenthal, Defining Prose Task Characteristics for Use in Computer-Adaptive Testing and Instruction, American Educational Research Journal, vol.35, issue.2, pp.269-307, 1998.
DOI : 10.3102/00028312035002269

A. Sutcliffe and M. Ennis, Towards a cognitive theory of information retrieval, Interacting with Computers, vol.10, issue.3, pp.321-351, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0953-5438(98)00013-7

J. Vassileva, A task-centered approach for user modeling in a hypermedia office documentation system, User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction, vol.6, pp.2-3, 1996.

J. S. Watson, If you don't have it, you can't find it " : A close look at students' perceptions using technology, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.49, issue.11, 1998.