J. Allwood, J. Nivre, and E. Ahlsén, On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Linguistic Feedback. Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics No. 64, 1991.

M. J. Baker and K. Bielaczyc, Missed opportunities for learning in collaborative problem-solving interactions, Proceedings of AI-ED '95 : World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 1995.

M. J. Baker and K. Lund, Promoting reflective interactions in a CSCL environment, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol.13, issue.3, pp.175-193, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2729.1997.00019.x

M. J. Baker, A Model for Negotiation in Teaching-Learning Dialogues, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.5, issue.2, pp.199-254, 1994.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190394

M. J. Baker, Negotiation in Collaborative Problem-Solving Dialogues Dialogue and Instruction: Modeling Interaction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp.39-55, 1995.

M. J. Baker, Argumentation et co-construction des connaissances, Interaction et Cognitions, vol.2, issue.3, pp.157-191, 1996.

M. J. Baker, Forms of cooperation in dyadic problem-solving, Cooperation and Complexity
DOI : 10.3166/ria.16.587-620

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00103564

M. J. Baker, Argumentation and Constructive Interaction, Foundations of Argumentative Text Processing

M. J. Baker, T. Hansen, R. Joiner, D. Traum, . Intersubjectivity et al., Available as COAST Research Team technical report at the following address: http://signserver.univ-lyon2.fr/SIR/GRIC-COAST/coast.reports The role of grounding in collaborative learning tasks, Paper presented at the Fourth Congress of the International Society for Cultural Research and Activity Theory (ISCRAT 98) Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, pp.31-63, 1998.

E. M. Barth and E. C. Krabbe, From Axiom to Dialogue: A philosophical study of logics and argumentation, 1982.
DOI : 10.1515/9783110839807

P. Brusilovsky, S. Ritter, and E. Schwarz, Distributed Intelligent Tutoring on the Web, Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems [Proceedings of AIED-97, pp.482-489, 1997.

S. Bull and E. Broady, Spontaneous Peer Tutoring from Sharing Student Models, Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems [Proceedings of AIED-97, pp.143-150, 1997.

H. C. Bunt, Information dialogues as communicative action in relation to partner modelling and information processing (Eds) The structure of multimodal dialogue, pp.47-74, 1989.

H. C. Bunt, R. J. Beun, M. J. Baker, and M. Reiner, Dialogue Control Functions and Interaction Design, Dialogue and Instruction, Modeling Interaction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Natural Dialogue and Interactive Student Modeling, pp.197-214, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-57827-4_14

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.39.7121

W. J. Clancey, Guidon-manage revisited: A socio-technical systems approach, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.4, issue.1, pp.5-34, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-55606-0_3

H. Clark and S. Brennan, Grounding in communication., Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition, pp.127-149, 1991.
DOI : 10.1037/10096-006

H. H. Clark and E. F. Schaefer, Contributing to Discourse, Cognitive Science, vol.8, issue.2, pp.259-294, 1989.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog1302_7

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.130.4384

J. Cook, Mentoring, Metacognition and Music: Interaction Analyses and Implications for Intelligent Learning Environments, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.45-87, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197350

J. Cook, Knowledge Mentoring as a Framework for Designing Computer-Based Agents for Supporting Musical Composition Learning, 1998.

P. Dillenbourg and J. Self, A computational approach to socially distributed cognition, European Journal of Psychology of Education, vol.29, issue.4, pp.353-372, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03172899

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.4498

P. Dillenbourg and D. Traum, Grounding in multi-modal task-oriented collaboration, Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp.415-425, 1996.

P. Dillenbourg, Human-Computer Collaborative Learning, 1991.

P. Dillenbourg, What do you mean byCollaborative Learning, Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, pp.1-19, 1999.

V. Dimitrova, J. Self, and P. Brna, The Interactive Maintenance of Open Learner Models, Artificial Intelligence and Education, Open Learning Environments: New Computational Technologies to Support Learning, Exploration and Collaboration [Proceedings of AI-ED 99, pp.405-412, 1999.

W. Edmondson, Spoken Discourse : A model for analysis, 1981.

J. Greeno, Situations, mental models and generative knowledge, Complex Information Processing: the Impact of H.A.Simon, pp.285-308, 1989.

H. U. Hoppe, Using multiple student modeling to parametrize group learning, Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, pp.234-241, 1995.

H. U. Hoppe, N. Baloian, and J. Zhao, Computer support for teacher-centered classroom interaction, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers in Education, pp.459-475, 1993.

A. Inaba and T. Okamoto, Negotiation Process Model for Intelligent Discussion Coordinating System on CSCL Environment, Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems [Proceedings of AIED-97, pp.175-182, 1997.

K. R. Koedinger, J. R. Anderson, W. H. Hadley, and M. A. Mark, Intelligent Tutoring Goes to School in the Big City, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol.9, pp.45-87, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00197383

T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, vol.2, issue.2, 1962.

A. Leontjev, The problem of activity in psychology The concept of activity in soviet psychology, pp.37-71, 1981.

K. Lund and M. J. Baker, Teachers' collaborative interpretations of students' computermediated collaborative problem-solving, Artificial Intelligence and Education, Open Learning Environments: New Computational Technologies to Support Learning, Exploration and Collaboration [Proceedings of AI-ED 99, pp.147-154, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00195367

J. Lyotard, La Condition Postmoderne: Rapport sur le savoir, 1979.

J. Mammen, The elements of psychology, pp.29-44, 1993.

A. Perret-clermont, J. Perret, and N. Bell, The social construction of meaning and cognitive activity in elementary school children., Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition, pp.41-62, 1991.
DOI : 10.1037/10096-002

J. Roschelle and S. D. Teasley, The Construction of Shared Knowledge in Collaborative Problem Solving, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. NATO ASI Series, pp.69-97, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-85098-1_5

D. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner. Aldershot (GB): Arena Ashgate, 1983.

J. A. Self, Computational mathetics: towards a science of computer based learning system design, 1996.

M. Stern, B. P. Woolf, and J. F. Kurose, Intelligence on the Web? Artificial Intelligence in Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems, Proceedings of AIED-97, pp.490-497, 1997.

A. Tiberghien, Modeling as a basis for analyzing teaching-learning situations, Learning and Instruction, vol.4, issue.1, pp.71-87, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0959-4752(94)90019-1

A. Tiberghien, Construction of prototypical situations in teaching the concept of energy, pp.100-114, 1996.

K. Vanlehn, R. M. Jones, and M. T. Chi, A Model of the Self-Explanation Effect, Journal of the Learning Sciences, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-59, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0883-0355(89)90014-1

J. Vassileva, Dynamic Course Generation on the WWW Artificial Intelligence in Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems, Proceedings of AIED-97, pp.498-505, 1997.

J. V. Wertsch, Voices of the Mind. A Sociocultural Approach to Mediated Action, 1991.

L. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, trans. P. Winch, 1980.