R. Axtell, J. Epstein, and H. P. Young, The emergence of classes in a multi-agent bargaining model, Center on Social and Economics Dynamics, issue.9, 2000.

N. Balacheff and N. Gaudin, Modelling students conceptions ? the case of functions, Mathematical Thinking and Learning ? an International Journal, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00948742

E. Bonabeau, J. Dessalles, and A. Grumbach, Characterizing Emergent Phenomena (1): A critical review, Revue Internationale de Systémique, pp.327-346, 1995.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00616420

Y. Demazeau, From Interactions to Collective Behaviour in Agent-Based Systems, Proceedings of the 1st. European Conference on Cognitive Science, 1995.

S. Forrest, Emergent Computation, Physica D, vol.42, 1990.

R. A. Maxion, Toward diagnosis as an emergent behavior in a network ecosystem, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol.42, issue.1-3, pp.66-84, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2789(90)90067-Y

T. W. Sandholm, Distributed Rational Decision Making In: Multiagent Systems: A Modern Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, pp.201-258, 1999.

D. Schreiber, The Emergence of Parties, The Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Political Science Association, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511812620

F. Schweitzer and J. Zimmermann, Communication and Self-Organisation in Complex Systems: A Basic Approach
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-04546-6_14

J. Fischer and . Frohlich, Advances in Spatial Sciences, pp.275-296, 2001.

O. Shehory and S. Kraus, Task allocation via coalition formation among autonomous agents, Proceedings of IJCAI'95, pp.655-661

B. M. Stadler, Adaptive platform dynamics in multi-party spatial voting, Advances in Complex Systems, vol.02, issue.02, pp.101-116, 1999.
DOI : 10.1142/S0219525999000060

N. J. Vriend, Self-organization of markets: An example of a computational approach, Computational Economics, vol.23, issue.No. 4, pp.205-231, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01298460

C. Webber, S. Pesty, and N. Balacheff, A multi-agent and emergent approach to learner modelling, ECAI 2002 -Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence . F. van Harmelen, pp.98-102, 2002.